We develop a framework to measure the severity of financial constraints for young firms across countries. Using ORBIS balance-sheet data for 23 economies, we show that short-term leverage rises while long-term leverage falls early in firms' life cycles, with this pattern persisting longer where...

In this article, literature on family offices (FOs) is systematically reviewed to examine how academic research in this field has advanced and to assess the relevance of FOs within family businesses. The main function of an FO is to preserve a family's wealth in the long-term, as well as to...

The electricity-carbon coupled markets have emerged as a pivotal mechanism for integrating renewable energy into virtual power plants and accelerating decarbonization in the power sector. With the diversification of virtual power plant types and the continued evolution of peer-to-peer trading in...

Immigration was central both to the 2016 Brexit referendum campaign and to the political narratives that followed it. Yet the trajectory of migration to the UK since the referendum bears little resemblance to the expectations - or promises - articulated at the time. This paper provides an...

This paper examines the evolution of labour earnings distribution across 25 countries, comparing two reference years: 1995 and 2023. The study seeks to understand how labour earnings distribution has shifted over time in each country, highlighting changing patterns of inequality. The data are...