This paper maps the euro-area digital-banking segment and assesses how digital banks transmit monetary policy relative to brick-and-mortar peers. I compile a hand-checked universe of over 170 digital banks (2016-2025) from supervisory data, classifying institutions by business model (e-retail,...

This study examines how digital competencies, digital human resource management, and organizational culture influence the digital transformation of small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) in Lima, Peru. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional approach was applied to a sample of 307...

This study explores the drivers of economic growth in the BRICS economies-Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa-over the period 1994-2024, focusing on the roles of digital infrastructure and financial development. Using a balanced panel, we examine how internet connectivity and access...

The automotive industry is undergoing a fundamental transformation driven by digitization, enabling original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to exert increasing control over vehicle functions, data, and – consequently – after-sales markets. Despite high relevance for consumers, regulatory...

Digital transformation is a key driver of economic and social progress, and assessing its evolution is essential for guiding public policies. In the European Union (EU), until 2022 the European Commission published the quantitative values of the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI); however,...