We examine the changing attention that ECB Governing Council members pay to different policy objectives by analysing more than 4,600 speeches given between the establishment of the ECB and the summer of 2024. Alongside the primary objective of price stability, we consider the following potential...

We examine the changing attention that ECB Governing Council members pay to different policy objectives by analysing more than 4,600 speeches given between the establishment of the ECB and the summer of 2024. Alongside the primary objective of price stability, we consider the following potential...

We revisit the debate on the effectiveness of central bank communication on exchange rates, contrasting a skeptical view, which holds that communication neither moves exchange rates nor influences them in the desired direction, with an optimistic view that it does. Using nearly 100 official ECB...

This paper studies how lifetime inflation exposure shapes individuals' inflation expectations, perceptions, and financial behavior. Using a large individual-level dataset from Türkiye spanning 2014 to 2024, combined with detailed measures of past inflation experiences, we show that individuals...

Among the necessities of identifying its underlying causes of environmental degradation, critical socioeconomic factors have often been overlooked in empirical studies. This study investigates the impact of income inequality, financial development, and natural resources on environmental...

This study examines the evolution, heterogeneity, and short-term prospects of export performance in seven Central and Eastern European (CEE) economies-Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, and Slovakia-over the period 1995-2024. Using annual World Bank data, exports are...