Parallel imports are genuine products imported into the United Kingdom without the consent of the intellectual property (IP) rights holder, often taking place when there is a price or availability difference between markets. Parallel import restrictions (PIRs) allow producers to control...

Parallel imports are genuine products imported into the United Kingdom without the consent of the intellectual property (IP) rights holder, often taking place when there is a price or availability difference between markets. Parallel import restrictions (PIRs) allow producers to control...

This paper evaluates three approaches to address parameter proliferation issue in nowcasting: (i) variable selection using adjusted stepwise autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variables (AS-ARIMAX); (ii) regularization in machine learning (ML); and (iii) dimensionality...