The aim is to analyze the armed conflict persistence in Colombia from 2008 to 2018 based on the financial viability hypothesis (rebellion occurs when war net revenue is nonnegative).The methodology is quantitative. Firstly, a nonparametric Kaplan-Meier functions and survival risk functions are...

This paper examines the lasting impact of civil conflicts on bilateral trade flows and the subsequent implications for economic recovery. Utilizing a novel estimation approach based on the structural gravity model of international trade, we demonstrate that importers shift their trade...

The study of the complex relationship between Italy and the colonial possessions is exemplary for understanding many of the central questions in the history of economic development in Europe and the African continent in the 20th century. War was a persistent factor in the colonial history of...