Background Clinical guidelines recommend surgery for early-stage breast cancer in operable patients; however, primary endocrine therapy (PET) is often used in older women aged ≥ 70. This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness and value of implementation of surgery plus adjuvant...

Electrification of transport is an essential component of urban climate change mitigation. Transport is responsible for around a quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions from the transport sector could double by 2050 in a business-as-usual scenario.2 An estimated 21% of the...

This knowledge note aims to summarize the relationships between urban form and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, for reference by practitioners and policymakers. It explores the ways in which various elements of urban form can impact the carbon of urban growth. In the context of GHG emissions,...