Since the early 2010s, the state pension age (SPA) is one of the main public policy instruments in the Netherlands for inducing people to postpone retirement. The SPA has gradually increased from 65 years in 2012 to 66 years and 4 months in 2021. In the context of the Dutch old-age social...

Global capitalism is being reshaped by two major trends. States have become increasingly interventionist, reshaping their economies in response to crises and geopolitical tensions. Secondly, digital platform giants have emerged from the US and China that concentrate political economic power in...

"State governments are responsible for most of the direct domestic spending that affects the well-being of their citizens. Fiscal stability, important for state governments to serve the public, is influenced by both state tax systems and spending programs. This important new book explores how...

Amid rising global interest in state interventions, this paper examines how China's infrastructure investments--a key macroeconomic policy tool--affect firm productivity. We focus on a policy that encourages regional governments to improve market conditions for private enterprises. Our analysis...

This chapter examines how governments shape industrial policy under centralized, decentralized, and hybrid governance frameworks. Innovation systems, mission-oriented tactics, and institutional adaptability are used to address global issues including sustainability, digitization, and inclusive...