Global economic and environmental challenges in the development of contemporary society underscore the importance of addressing issues related to the structural modification of supply chains within the context of a circular economy. The goal of the study was to identify structural modifications...

This study investigates the economy-wide effect of land rent in Thailand, addressing a gap in the literature by focusing on the distribution of land rent income across different household groups. Using a Social Accounting Matrix that disaggregates land rent from capital return, the study applies...

This paper examines reform measures for the National Pension System, analyzing their fiscal impacts. Despite past reforms adjusting contribution and replacement rates, the system faces ongoing sustainability challenges. We forecast that the reserve fund, peaking at 1,972.0 trillion KRW in 2039,...

This paper examines reform measures for the National Pension System, analyzing their fiscal impacts. Despite past reforms adjusting contribution and replacement rates, the system faces ongoing sustainability challenges. We forecast that the reserve fund, peaking at 1,972.0 trillion KRW in 2039,...

Botswana faces growing fiscal challenges driven by declining diamond revenues, rigid expenditure, and weakened fiscal institutions, contributing to elevated fiscal deficits and rising public debt. These pressures underscore the need for timely reforms to safeguard fiscal and external...