The "Study on National Policies and Cohesion" report presents an analysis of nationally-funded policy measures aimed at enhancing territorial cohesion across the EU. Coordinated by DG REGIO and implemented by a consortium led by Technopolis-Group, CSIL, and Opix, the study addresses the lack of...

Distribution grids are critical for the energy transition: with the majority of future assets to be connected at the distribution-grid level, the decentralization and decarbonization of the energy system depend on strong and future-ready electricity distribution networks. This study gathers and...

This document is a study performed by the JRC to support an analysis of DG-Competition concerning online payment systems. The report provides a high-level overview of online payments in the EU, including payment cards, mobile wallets, bank transfers, and other methods, as well as an examination...

This study examines performance-based schemes in National Recovery and Resilience Plans (NRRPs) and their potential adaptation as Financing Not Linked to Costs (FNLC) models under ERDF/CF and JTF programmes for 2021-2027. Through analysis of 15 NRRPs and stakeholder consultations, the research...

This study investigates instruments that could generate revenue for international climate finance. Through a mixed-methods approach, including desk research and interviews with 23 experts from diverse professional backgrounds, the study evaluates four proposed levies: a Fossil Fuel Extraction...

This study, based on national desk research, stakeholder interviews, and a participatory event, assesses the regulation and application of sanctions under the Racial Equality Directive (RED) and Employment Equality Directive (EED). The Study examines sanctions for discrimination on ethnic,...

The Council Conclusions on the New European Innovation Agenda emphasised that innovation, in its broader sense, including societal, social, cultural and public sector innovation, is an essential enabler for achieving the Union's policy objectives, in particular the green transition and digital...

This is the annex to the final report for the 'Study on short-sea shipping's contribution to the European transport network and the means to support and revitalise the sector'. The annex includes the full version of the five case studies on the development of short-sea shipping (SSS) in...

Maritime transport fulfils an important role for the EU economy by representing three quarters of the EU external trade and around one third of the intra-EU movement of goods. Short-sea shipping is responsible for around 60% of the goods transported by sea and represents an integral part of the...