Mathematics is essential to decision-making in today's data-driven business climate because it helps firms analyze data, maximize resources, forecast trends, and efficiently manage risks. The importance of mathematics in a variety of business processes, such as operations, financial management,...

We use population-level administrative data covering secondary school students in England to study how mathematical and verbal skills shape education and labour market outcomes. Following cohorts completing national exams at age 16 through higher education and into employment until age 34, we...

The "Matthew effect" refers to a "rich-get-richer" mechanism whereby early success shapes subsequent achievement. We examine whether this mechanism operates in literary careers by analyzing whether early commercial or critical success leads to cumulative advantages in authors' subsequent works....

This chapter examines trends in labor productivity and hours worked in Spain and the United Kingdom between 2020 and 2024, using data from the OECD Productivity Base. Key indicators such as gross value added per hour worked, hourly compensation, and average hours worked per person are analyzed....

There are three classic problems in corporate finance: capital structure, real investment, and payout policy. In three companion papers, we characterize the max EPS solution to each one. The max EPS approach delivers an optimal leverage ratio even in the absence of frictions, an investment rule...

Holding cash has a cost. For an EPS-maximizing CEO, that cost equals her firm's earnings yield. EPS maximizers retain cash when they can get an even higher yield by investing the money. Otherwise, they return cash to shareholders. This is the EPS-maximizing payout policy. Growth stocks (EY < rf) never return cash because they can clear their low earnings-yield hurdle by investing in risk-free bonds. Value stocks (EY > rf)...</rf)>

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