Amidst rising political polarization, firms engage more frequently with political issues through public statements and policies. This paper examines how firms' stances on polarizing issues impact worker sorting, leveraging announcements from hundreds of employers following the Supreme Court's...

What a Waste 3.0 is the third edition of the World Bank Group’s What a Waste series, following the 2012 and 2018 publications. It updates and expands these earlier publications and provides a global reference dataset on municipal solid waste in the context of a transition toward circularity,...

We estimate the effects of the first metro rail line in Mumbai using administrative data on assessed property prices from 2011-18 for 723 subzones in the city. Comparing areas within 1 km of the metro with those beyond 1 km but within 3 km, we estimate the effects on property values for...

In this article we develop a social theoretical conception of the boundaries of public speech. There is a vivid debate concerning supposed shifts of these boundaries. Some argue that boundaries are contracting, causing formerly accepted conservative positions to be excluded as extremist. Others...

This study reviews the literature on the impacts of Certificate-of-Need (CON) laws, which require the approval of states' health planning agencies for health care providers to engage in regulated actions such as opening or expanding facilities or purchasing equipment. Economic theory suggests...

High temperatures affect children's learning directly by impacting their well-being and performance at school, as well as indirectly by disrupting schooling. In 2025, heatwaves led to school closures across several OECD countries. By 2050, children in many countries will face more hot days,...

This WBG study examines what makes distressed asset markets work — and how governments can create the right conditions for private sector engagement. It provides policymakers, regulators, and financial institutions with a practical framework to assess market readiness, identify policy and...