This paper provides new causal evidence on how patent allowances affect firms and their employees based on quasi-random assignment of patent applications to examiners. Exploiting employer–employee records with newly linked German firm data and web-scraped patent documents, it shows that...

How people move through cities has far-reaching consequences for air quality, public health, and the climate. Steering urban passenger transport toward low-emission pathways is one of the most direct levers policy makers can use to make cities cleaner, healthier, and more livable. Yet urban...

Kenya’s justice sector has undergone a significant transformation following the 2010 Constitution, which strengthened judicial autonomy and independence. This report examines the state of the justice system in Kenya based on the JUPITER Methodology. JUPITER is a country‑based assessment...

Using data from the World Values Survey (WVS) and European Values Survey (EVS) covering 92 countries (n ≈ 157,000), this study examines whether individuals with an immigrant background exhibit more accommodating attitudes toward immigrants than those without such roots. "Immigrant background"...