The planning and operations of public transport has benefited from the development and application of Operations Research (OR) techniques in the past half a century. In this article, we describe OR-related techniques and applications in the public transport domain in the last 50 years...

This survey paper discusses the literature on Operations Research (OR) models and algorithms for railway planning in the last decades. Since infrastructure and rolling stock are two resources that are both very capital-intensive and characterize the railway system, we focus on timetabling and...

The entry presents a critical approach to innovation resistance (sometimes referred to as barriers to innovation) as conceived within the pro-innovation literature. It describes innovation resistance as manifesting when innovation processes clash with ‘other’ processes, for example a process...

This entry discusses how workforce diversity has been established in literature, and its links with organizational innovation and competitive advantage through increased creativity and improved decision-making. It outlines how workplace diversity and inclusion practices contribute to an...

Innovation studies have largely ignored the potential of youth, despite evidence that youth engagement in a variety of endeavours has positive outcomes. Creating strategic entry points for youth and promoting empowerment in youth promote intergenerational equity and sustainable development, key...

The circular economy (CE) addresses sustainability challenges by reducing material and energy use and promoting sustainability in societies, value chains and organizations. It is pivotal in innovation management due to the significant changes and rethinking it necessitates. This entry explores...

Ecosocial education is an educational area aiming to reassess the relationship between humans and other species. Theoretically, it is based on the ecosocial approach, specifically on recognizing ecosocialization and ecoindividuation, multispecies extensions of socialization and individuation. As...

Enskilment is defined as the process of identifying, acquiring, maintaining, transferring, and potentially also releasing, a set of skills required for the mastery of a particular (set of) task(s). Under the right circumstances, a dedicated engagement in these tasks and practices advances the...