Israel's illegal occupation and expansion of settlements on Palestinian land continue to spark military conflicts since its inception in 1948. Hamas attacked Israel on the 7th of October 2023, escalating the war between Israel and Hamas in Gaza and the West Bank, killing more than 35,000...

This Introduction provides an overview of the topics covered in this special issue on ‘Academic freedom: Global variations in norm conceptualization, diffusion and contestation’, which explores what academic freedom means, how this may vary on a global level, how the norm spread around the...

Europe has recently struggled with democratic backsliding and autocratization. This autocratization has accompanied a decline in academic freedom in many backsliding countries, as reported by the Academic Freedom Index. Can the standards set by the European supranational courts effectively...

Academic freedom is widely recognised as a fundamental value of contemporary higher education and research, and is often presented as a prerequisite for well-functioning democratic societies. However, in recent years, major concerns have been expressed by various stakeholders about the state of...

Academic freedom is widely recognised as a fundamental value of contemporary higher education and science, and as a prerequisite for well-functioning democratic societies. However, in recent years, major concerns have been expressed by various stakeholders about the state of academic freedom in...

The COVID-19 pandemic has led colleges and universities to augment their online offerings. For faculty and students, this brings concerns about academic integrity and performance. Findings of prior research conflict as to the prevalence of cheating and differences in student performance online...

The COVID-19 pandemic has led colleges and universities to augment their online offerings. For faculty and students, this brings concerns about academic integrity and performance. Findings of prior research conflict as to the prevalence of cheating and differences in student performance online...