This paper examines the role of financial cycle proxies in refining available estimates of the business cycle in Kazakhstan. It contributes to the existing literature by introducing a formal test for the stability of the mean of exogenous variables in the estimation set up, and by developing a...

In this chapter, the economic implications of serverless computing for enhancing human living experiences are exemplified. The infrastructure expenses, pay-per-use pricing models, and operational overhead have been elaborated. The cost efficiencies and allocation of resources towards innovation...

The study examines the financial and human resources in the industrial sectors of the industrialized countries (Germany, China, Ireland, South Korea, America, Switzerland, Japan, Singapore and the Netherlands) that provide the highest efficiency, income and sustainability from financial and...