In most multiple-choice tests using confidence based marking (CBM), a discrete certainty scale is applied, often with three or four probability intervals of equal length. In this paper we derive a continuous certainty scale for CBM which we think circumvents the alleged complexity that would be...

In disaster preparedness, strategically placing relief supplies is crucial to guarantee timely and adequate relief efforts. Important decisions in this process include determining optimal warehouse locations, assessing logistical resources, and strategically allocating critical supplies to...

Normative theories about the justice of policies to control international migration tend to come from either the standpoint of the migrant-destination country or the migrant-origin country. I show how three influential normative theorists of migration—Abizadeh, Carens, and Walzer—in...

The complexities and competitive nature of higher education have led to significant challenges for institutions, including the rising issue of burnout among staff and faculty. These challenges, such as declining enrollment, low retention rates, and the increasing demand for innovation, have...

In this paper we construct a bipartite network model for the Maltese banking sector and identify communities of banks based on overlapping credit exposures. By leveraging confidential supervisory bank-level data on total exposures, we identify four distinct bank clusters and compute relevant...

With the rapid advancement of technology and the proliferation of online transactions, internet fraud has emerged as a significant global issue. The increasing reliance on digital platforms for personal, financial, and business transactions has made individuals and organizations vulnerable to...

Russia's Maternity Capital program, launched in 2007, is a key policy with an obvious pronatalist focus aimed at countering the country's long-term depopulation trend by encouraging families to have more children. Initially, providing financial incentives for second and subsequent births. The...

Emotion analysis plays a vital role in Customer Relationship Management (CRM), impacting customer interactions and brand perception. While previous CRM systems have relied mostly on text-based sentiment analysis, the expanding usage of audio-based feedback underlines the necessity for...

Western media and academia have heralded the China collapse narrative. This paper provides a critical and balanced examination of the four challenges facing the Chinese economy - namely, deflation, debt, demographics, and de-coupling/de-risking. It argues that while deflationary pressure is...

We develop a cross‐border market model for two countries based on a continuous trading mechanism, in which the transmission capacities that enable transactions between market participants from different countries are limited. Our market model can be described by a regime‐switching process...