This policy brief, based on contributions by members of Cedefop Community of apprenticeship experts, presents different approaches to providing incentives for learners and employers in apprenticeship across Europe. It discusses the suitability, effectiveness and sustainability of these...

Biotechnology – the use of living organisms and their components to generate knowledge and products – has become a cornerstone of innovation across health, agriculture and manufacturing. Beyond biomedical applications, biosolutions are emerging as a major opportunity to address global...

Businesses thrive when their surrounding environment supports entrepreneurship, investment and growth. This report examines two aspects of the regional business environment: regional institutional quality and access to debt finance, the primary source of financing for most firms. It explores how...

This paper shows that enhancing data transparency can help increase sovereign bond returns in countries with medium to higher levels of institutional quality. Bond returns are lower in countries with high levels of debt. However, the findings from the fixed effect instrumental variables for...