We develop a unified cost-benefit framework that allows for a better understanding of nature conservation and climate policies under risk and uncertainty. We derive modified Hotelling rules from a social planner’s welfare optimization. They reveal four forces that jointly determine market...

Part Ⅰ: Carbon Pricing Policies Toward Carbon Neutrality in Asia -- Effects of Differentiated Carbon Taxes on Carbon Emissions and Economic Development: The Case of Taiwan -- Effects of Internal Carbon Pricing on Carbon Emission Efficiency: Evidence from Japanese Companies -- Collaborating...

Carbon pricing has emerged as a central policy instrument for aligning financial markets with climate objectives. Emissions trading systems (ETS) increasingly act not only as environmental tools but also as powerful financial signals shaping global investment behavior. This chapter investigates...

The convergence of carbon pricing and Industry 4.0 technologies is reshaping sustainable manufacturing. Carbon taxes and cap-and-trade systems create financial incentives to reduce emissions, but their success depends on effective monitoring and management. Digital technologies such as IoT, AI,...

The European Union has some of the world's most ambitious climate policies, yet it only accounts for a small share of global carbon emissions. Achieving meaningful global emissions reductions thus depends on other countries strengthening their own climate policies. The EU's carbon border...