Vaccine hesitancy is a crucial public health issue worldwide. In this paper, we evaluate the causal impact of a vaccination-based access restriction policy on vaccine uptake by exploiting the introduction of the EU Digital COVID-19 Certificate at the country level. We compare two countries,...

Vaccine hesitancy is a crucial public health issue worldwide. In this paper, we evaluate the causal impact of a vaccination-based access restriction policy on vaccine uptake by exploiting the introduction of the EU Digital COVID-19 Certificate at the country level. We compare two countries,...

Direct-to-consumer advertising is pervasive in US healthcare markets, but little evidence exists on the effects of advertising by hospitals, second only to drug manufacturers in medical marketing. Advertising may help facilities increase market share by stealing existing patients, expand the...