This paper uses a statistical test based on entropy theory to propose a new way to distinguish between interdependence, contagion, and the decoupling hypotheses in the context of shock transmission and spillover. Applying the proposed approach, the three hypotheses are examined when measuring...

Fake news on the internet refers to intentionally concocted or falsely presented licit information. The purpose is to negatively influence public opinion for several reasons, which include political agendas, monetary profit, and propaganda. Disinformation on the internet is circulated through...

The Container Port Performance Index (CPPI) provides a global benchmark of how container ports perform in handling vessel calls. Developed jointly by the World Bank and S&P Global Market Intelligence, it measures the time ships spend in port and relates this to the number of containers moved...

Background: The Port of Santa Marta, located on Colombia's northern Caribbean coast, plays a vital role in the country's maritime trade, particularly in the export of agricultural and perishable goods. This raises the question: how competitive is Santa Marta's container terminal compared to...

This paper proposes a framework for monitoring risks arising from the build-up of leverage in EU-domiciled alternative investment funds (AIFs) and examines policy tools that could be effective in mitigating these risks in line with international recommendations. We develop a novel framework that...