Farmland fragmentation in use is related to higher operation cost and reduced productivity, while ownership fragmentation increases transaction costs, both leading to ineffi-cient land use and diminished overall farm performance. This paper aims to quantify the costs of farmland ownership...

It is well established that job displacement leads to large and persistent earnings losses, but the reasons for these long-term losses remain unclear. A leading theory ties earnings losses to the demand laid-off workers face for their industry-specific human capital, yet evidence in support of...

This paper estimates the impact of cargo preference and US sourcing mandates on the freight costs incurred under the US international emergency food aid program between 2013 and 2024, extending previous work from Hoxie, Mercier, and Smith (2022). The inclusion of additional shipment-level data...

Payment costs for consumers are difficult to determine, are not recorded in an internationally harmonized manner and vary significantly from country to country. They are incurred in many forms, for example as fees for account management, for cash withdrawals at ATMs or for payment cards; but...