Given the presence of a cutoff score in a multiple-choice questions test, a challenge for the test maker is to choose a scoring method maximizing the probability of a passing score for those with adequate knowledge given a prescribed risk of passing those with insufficient understanding. Within...

Given the presence of a cutoff score in a multiple-choice questions test, a challenge for the test maker is to choose a scoring method maximizing the probability of a passing score for those with adequate knowledge given a prescribed risk of passing those with insufficient understanding. Within...

The OECD projects a 9–17% drop in net official development assistance (ODA) in 2025, following a 9% decline in 2024. The projected decline is driven by announced cuts from major providers, and it would hit the poorest countries hardest: bilateral ODA to least developed countries and...

As HER efficiency is influenced by several parameters, including overpotential, Tafel slope, and exchange current density. MXenes and MBenes effectively optimize these parameters by improving the adsorption and desorption of hydrogen atoms, thus enhancing the overall reaction kinetics. Density...

Climate change poses significant macroeconomic challenges due to its impacts and the energy transition needed to address it. Despite the Paris Agreement’s goal to keep global warming ‘well below 2°C’, and ideally to 1.5°C, the world is not on track. Temperatures are likely to pass 1.5°C...