The paper presents a theoretical model and its simulation to explore the process of the fall of nations by focusing on moral and cultural decline, as well as military overstretch. In the model, a representative agent divides his time among military spending, material production, the consumption...

This paper empirically examines the multiple impacts of alternative, major fiscal instruments on decarbonization in countries in the Middle East and North Africa. It also examines the effects of decarbonization pathways on decarbonization, using a database covering 41 countries, including...

Synthetic fertilizers are essential to sustaining the world's population, but their production is responsible for 1.8-2.4 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. Clean hydrogen holds growing potential (amid falling costs) to decarbonize fertilizer production. Hydrogen produces synthetic...