The Circular Economy (CE) is a shift away from the conventional linear economic model, which is based on resource efficiency and waste minimization with regenerative systems. This chapter goes beyond descriptive overviews by synthesizing historical evolution, theoretical foundations, and...

Plastics are of key importance for numerous technical applications due to their functional properties and cost efficiency. However, their production from fossil raw materials and disposal pose major environmental problems. The transition to a circular economy (CE) is supposed to address these...

This chapter examines the pivotal role of irrigation projects in driving economic growth, particularly in the context of agricultural development and rural prosperity. Drawing on empirical evidence, it elucidates the diverse economic impacts of irrigation interventions, ranging from increased...

The transition to a circular economy is critical for achieving sustainable development, resource efficiency, and building a resilient future for all. Over the past decade, the European Union (EU) has demonstrated an unprecedented commitment to advancing a circular economy, advocating for action...

Jyväskylä, the regional capital of Central Finland, is characterised by a strong nature conservation identity, as well as a business driven spirit. The region is well known for its four national parks and leadership in innovation and business development. Jyväskylä's circular economy is...

Building on a longstanding commitment to waste prevention and food waste reduction since the early 2000s, the city of Matosinhos is continuing to advance sustainable waste management, achieving nearly zero landfill diversion and high energy recovery from waste. The city is gradually moving from...

Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, is the country's largest city and a key economic hub. In recent years, municipal waste production has increased; however, the construction of three waste treatment facilities has significantly reduced landfilling. Circular principles have been partially integrated...