We study how monetary policy shapes firm level carbon emissions. Our identification strategy exploits the European Central Bank’s July 2012 move to the zero lower bound as a plausibly exogenous easing of credit supply, combined with rich administrative and survey data on French manufacturing...

We study how monetary policy shapes firm level carbon emissions. Our identification strategy exploits the European Central Bank's July 2012 move to the zero lower bound as a plausibly exogenous easing of credit supply, combined with rich administrative and survey data on French manufacturing...

Many internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle drivers would consider transitioning to an electric vehicle (EV), but they have not had practical experience driving an EV. Many current ICE and even EV drivers have what has been termed range anxiety, which is the concern that they will run out of...

The first edition of this guidance was published in 2020. It was created by experts from across the EU, with valuable input from the European Commission, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the European Council on Refugees and Exiles. The development was facilitated and...