The oil and gas industry remains vital to the global economy, yet its operations contribute significantly to environmental degradation, one of the most urgent challenges of the 21st century. This study explores the lived experiences of those directly impacted by the negative externalities of oil...

In this work, a cost function is estimated for eight models from the M4 competition. The main objective of the M competitions is to evaluate the accuracy of numerous forecasting models. This study introduces metrics to measure the environmental cost associated with running different time series...