This report presents the results of five EU Science Diplomacy Working Groups that were established by the European Commission in order to develop recommendations for a European Framework for Science Diplomacy. The working groups consisted of 130 science and diplomacy experts from across Europe,...

In recent years, the field of European funds for business development has generated significant interest in the academic literature, stimulated by European Union (EU) regulations and the implementation of business financing programs. This context has led to an increase in research on the impact...

In recent years, the field of European funds for business development has generated significant interest in the academic literature, stimulated by European Union (EU) regulations and the implementation of business financing programs. This context has led to an increase in research on the impact...

The European Fund for Strategic Investments aimed to tackle the EU investment gap by mobilising €500 billion of additional investments. It supported debt and equity instruments with an EU budgetary guarantee or own resources of the European Investment Bank. We conclude that the programme...

The European Fund for Strategic Investments aimed to tackle the EU investment gap by mobilising €500 billion of additional investments. It supported debt and equity instruments with an EU budgetary guarantee or own resources of the European Investment Bank. We conclude that the programme...

The physical isolation of island regions, combined together with their geographical facets and institutional structures, creates additional constraints compared to mainlands, including their continued energy reliance on fossil fuels. Energy dependency, instability, and energy isolation hinder...

This paper examines the impact of European Union (EU) funds on the performance of private firms. We exploit a quasi-natural experiment arising from an administrative redrawing of geographical boundaries, which led to a discrete change in regional eligibility. This caused a sudden and substantial...

Despite the formal absence of sanctions, gas trade between Russia and the EU has effectively collapsed over the past three and a half years. This has been the outcome of several factors: the EU strategy of reducing dependence on Russian gas, Russia's own supply cuts, physical damage to the...