We evaluate the efficiency of public expenditure in the 27 European countries in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we map performance over the period 1995-2023, incorporating Musgravian functional spending -...

People in many parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) are exposed to more toxic particulate matter (PM) air pollution than their neighbors in Western Europe. This is especially true for residents in urban areas, such as Sarajevo. The burning of solid fuels - often of poor quality - for domestic...

This paper adopts a relatedness-complexity framework to assess the likelihood of functional upgrading and downgrading in global value chains in EU regions in the period 2000-2010. We use relatedness and economic complexity measures based on value added content of gross exports and labour...

The trade-off between consistent (rule-based) and optimal fiscal policy became evident in the zero lower bound era. With such low interest rates, the argument goes, optimal fiscal policy required extending debt financed public investment spending. But while fiscal rules ensured consistency, they...

The trade-off between consistent (rule-based) and optimal fiscal policy became evident in the zero lower bound era. With such low interest rates, the argument goes, optimal fiscal policy required extending debt financed public investment spending. But while fiscal rules ensured consistency, they...

This chapter deals more with functions. First, we introduce a Cartesian product and its properties, then define the concept of a relation which is a subset of the Cartesian product of two sets. By defining the concept of function, we introduce dependent and independent variables and domain and...