Under the EU AI Act, systemic risks of general-purpose AI (GPAI) models are assumed to increase with model "reach". This report proposes a method for operationalising, and measuring "reach" so that it may be used, where appropriate, as one criterion amongst others for determining whether a GPAI...

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools - in particular, general-purpose GenAI chatbots - are now widely used by society. The training methodology and the quality of the data on which they are trained impacts their outputs. These tools are trained on large sets of mainly public data,...

Safety perception is widely considered a fundamental aspect of urban life, which significantly influences citizens' well-being and quality of life as well as having crucial impact on the nighttime economy. However, there is a scarcity of understanding of nighttime safety despite the fast-growing...