We investigate the impact and propagation of geopolitical risk among oil-based energy commodities. First, we endogenously identify key geopolitical events affecting the connectedness among the oil-based commodities and then evaluate their transitory and persistent impacts. We identify four major...

We investigate the impact and propagation of geopolitical risk among oil-based energy commodities. First, we endogenously identify key geopolitical events affecting the connectedness among the oil-based commodities and then evaluate their transitory and persistent impacts. We identify four major...

When addressing international trade, the most commonly referenced concepts include imports, exports, exchange rates, customs tariffs, and, naturally, supply and demand. This chapter examines geopolitical risk (GPR) as a critical factor that significantly influences financial markets and, by...

How do banks respond to geopolitical risk, and is this response distinct from other macroeconomic risks? Using U.S. supervisory data and new geopolitical risk indices, we show that banks reduce cross-border lending to countries with elevated geopolitical risk but continue lending to those...