Since China implemented its carbon trading mechanism, trading risks arising from unstable carbon prices have significantly reduced its emission-reduction efficiency. Unlike traditional research, which focuses on the impact of fossil fuels on carbon prices, this study emphasises risk spillovers...

The Indonesian government faces a persistent conundrum: on one hand, it wants to help industries access affordable raw materials, including through imports. On the other hand, it faces pressure to protect domestic farmers and industries. To address this challenge, the Indonesian government...