This paper studies firm adjustments in response to a working life extension of older female employees. Specifically, I exploit the German 1999 pension reform that eliminated an early retirement pathway for women, causing an increase in their early retirement age by three years for those born...

This paper studies firm adjustments in response to a working life extension of older female employees. Specifically, I exploit the German 1999 pension reform that eliminated an early retirement pathway for women, causing an increase in their early retirement age by three years for those born...

Water input in copper mining varies substantially across sites worldwide, with implications for local sustainable resource management. We quantify water use in global copper mining at unprecedented spatial resolution, using machine learning to estimate site-level water withdrawal and identify...

In this paper, we construct a tractable endogenous growth model that incorporates both incremental innovation by heterogeneous incumbents and innovation by entrants. Our model features two endogenous sources of growth: quality improvement (vertical growth) and expansion in the variety of goods...