Recent studies indicate that the topics and issues of innovation have moved away from merely technical attitudes, and innovative concepts have gone beyond conventional approaches and widened and deepened. This is evident in theoretical discussions and at the enterprise level. Today, improving...

This paper uses U.S. Toxic Release Inventory data on air lead emissions to provide IV estimates of the effects of air lead concentration on infant mortality. The causal effect of lead on infant mortality is identified by annual variation in air fugitive lead emissions interacted with wind speed...

This paper uses U.S. TRI data on industrial air lead emissions to provide IV estimates of the effects of air lead concentration on infant mortality. The causal effect of lead on infant mortality is identified by variation in air fugitive lead emissions interacted with wind speed near reporting...

This paper investigates how unrealized losses on banks' amortized cost securities affect monetary policy transmission to bank lending in the euro area. Leveraging the sharp increase in interest rates between 2022 and 2023 and using granular supervisory data on security holdings and loan-level...

This paper investigates how unrealized losses on banks' amortized cost securities affect monetary policy transmission to bank lending in the euro area. Leveraging the sharp increase in interest rates between 2022 and 2023 and using granular supervisory data on security holdings and loan-level...