This paper provides insights into human capital investments during wartime by presenting evidence from three experiments of an online tutoring program for Ukrainian students amid Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Conducted between early 2023 and mid- 2024, the experiments reached nearly 10,000...

This paper provides insights into human capital investments during wartime by presenting evidence from 3 experiments of an online tutoring program for Ukrainian students amid Russia's invasion. Conducted between 2023 and 2024, the experiments reached 10,000 students across Ukraine. The program...

Public investment in infrastructure is important, but effective prioritization is critical. Not all infrastructure needs subsidies: many projects that are not pure public goods can be privately financed. Germany's subsidized broadband expansion improved coverage but funds were inefficiently...

Public investment in infrastructure is important, but effective prioritization is critical. Not all infrastructure needs subsidies: many projects that are not pure public goods can be privately financed. Germany's subsidized broadband expansion improved coverage but funds were inefficiently...

This report's focus on fiscal matters complements ongoing work on megatrends involving labor markets, skills, demographics and climate (KP-1) and institutional matters (KP-2). The present KP-3 is not meant to be exhaustive in discussing the full range of financing and spending details in the...