The financial environment is under great pressure as a result of dynamically changing macroeconomic factors. In this situation, full of uncertainty, understanding the relationship between macroeconomic factors and financial markets becomes a key issue. Market analysts and investors are...

This paper extends the gravity model to financial markets by examining how distance and bilateral linkages influence stock market correlations between the United States and selected emerging economies. To this end, the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator is used to account for...

This study examines the determinants of gold returns over the period 2000-2025, a period marked by recurrent financial crises, geopolitical tensions, and major shifts in global monetary conditions. As gold represents both a strategic commodity and a key reserve asset, understanding the channels...

This paper offers a historically grounded reinterpretation of Keynesianism within the context of U.S. economic development and global capitalist transformation. It traces the evolution of Keynes's core insights into a form of structural Keynesianism, shaped by institutionalism, post-Keynesian...

This study examines dynamic interdependencies and risk transmission among major cryptocurrencies and traditional financial assets, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, U.S. equities, and gold, over the period 2017-2024. Particular attention is given to the structural shift associated with the 2024 U.S....