Higher schooling attainment is associated with better cognitive function at older ages, but it remains unclear whether the relationship is causal. We estimate causal effects of schooling on performances on the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) word-recall...

This paper examines the individual innovation contributions of the vocational education and training (VET) workforce compared to university graduates such as scientists and engineers. For this purpose, individual-level data from the German manufacturing sector are used, distinguishing between...

This paper estimates rates of return on wealth across gross wealth groups by matching individual-level survey data with macroeconomic return data for Germany. Using machine learning for more detailed financial asset categories, we find that the average nominal rate of return on gross assets for...