The United Kingdom formally left the European Union on 31 January 2020, following the Brexit referendum of June 2016. One of the central arguments used by "leave" supporters in the run up to the referendum concerned UK sovereignty in the sense of "taking back control" and restoring...

How costly will rising temperature due to climate change be for the U.S. economy? Recent research has used the well-identified response of output to weather to estimate this cost. But agents may adapt to the new climate. We propose a methodology to infer adaptation technology from the...

Going to university is a very good investment for most students. Over their working lives, men will be £130,000 better off on average by going to university after taxes, student loan repayments and foregone earnings are taken into account. For women, this figure is £100,000. (These and other...

This report consists of a literature review identifying a series of mechanisms by which regulation affects innovation. These were: compliance costs, effects on incentives, effects on market conditions, capacity effects, signalling effects. The report also explores 4 case study innovations:...

The survey explores the working arrangements and earnings that apprentices received during 2018-19. The survey included almost 10,000 telephone interviews with apprentices enrolled on a course in Great Britain. The report provides statistics on apprentices': working arrangements, basic hourly...

Earmarking financial contributions for specific geographic, thematic or other priorities has emerged as an important modality for funding multilateral development organisations. Earmarking has had positive consequences, such as the mobilisation of resources for multilateral organisations and new...

This research report describes the findings from interviews with 48 disruptive innovative companies about their views on regulation and the impact of regulatory engagement on innovation. Discussions with businesses typically centred around 3 key themes: the accessibility of useful and timely...