This paper describes the framework used by the Bank of Finland to assess the cost competitiveness of the Finnish economy. We discuss the conceptual foundations, data choices, and methodological trade-offs involved in constructing commonly used indicators, with particular emphasis on...

This large-scale study assesses the impact of human oversight on countering discrimination in AI aided decision-making for sensitive tasks. We use a mixed research method approach, in a sequential explanatory design whereby a quantitative experiment with HR and banking professionals in Italy and...

Since September 2017, the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) has been provisionally (and partially) applied. In line with established EU practice, the European Commission has requested an ex-post evaluation to be conducted at least five years after the provisional...

Since September 2017, the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) has been provisionally (and partially) applied. In line with established EU practice, the European Commission has requested an ex-post evaluation to be conducted at least five years after the provisional...

The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) is a free trade agreement (FTA) between Canada and the EU and its Member States. It aims to reduce trade barriers, enhance economic cooperation, and promote investment and sustainable development. On 21 September 2024, CETA marked the 7th...

Council Directive 2011/85/EU on requirements for budgetary frameworks of the Member States entered into force in December 2011. It was an important part of the legislative package on the strengthening of economic governance, also known as the 'six-pack'. The Directive set, for the first time,...

Present day healthcare systems face several complex challenges, including rising demand due to an aging population, increasing prevalence of chronic and complex conditions, rising costs, and shortages in the healthcare workforce. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to address some of...

The Handbook on EU Competition Law - Rules Applicable to Merger Control gives an overview about EU legislation applicable in the field of Merger Control. The new 2010 edition includes the changes introduced by the Lisbon Treaty.

The primary aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview and critical assessment of the regulatory framework governing the development and deployment of ocean energy technologies in selected EU Member States. The study focuses on identifying the regulatory barriers that hinder the...