efficiency as globalization was setting up. In this paper we shed light on the increasing role which innovation is called to … throughout which R&D become embedded in nowadays societies, evidence clearly reveals how innovation strategies are to be found so …

scientific and technological knowledge from manufacturing, to the marketing and the strategic management of companies that act as … protagonists of these processes. Globalization of markets is inter-connected with intensive incorporation of knowledge in economy …. This study on “R&D, Innovation and Employment Creation” for the Portuguese Observatory of Employment and Vocational …

organization, technology, infrastructures, product design). On the other hand, the capacity of innovation can be perceived by the … Portugal and other European countries, over all, during the decade of 90. An analysis for sector is made still. One verifies … Portugal, concluding that Portugal presents an enterprise structure predominantly based on small and very small companies, a …

entrepreneurship literature is that opportunities are exogenous, the most prevalent theory of innovation in the economics literature … opportunity by developing a knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship. The basic argument is that knowledge created … endogenously via R&D results in knowledge spillovers. Such spillovers give rise to opportunities to be identified and exploited by …

paradigm crisis, highlighting the strong links between the exploitation of knowledge and the accumulation of surplus. Therefore …, increasing productivity - via knowledge and network externalities - output and employment). As a result, we first point out the …

surplus from his production. At any time, the novice can leave the relationship with his acquired knowledge and produce on his … structured as an apprenticeship, in which all production generated during training is used to compensate the expert. Knowledge … transfer takes a simple form. In the first period, the expert gifts the novice a positive level of knowledge, which is …

Portugal in the period 1998-2009, we find that women have a lower probability of upward mobility and a higher probability of …