. The government however lost the elections. This paper uses unique survey data to examine whether the high unemployment … associated with market reform contributed to the election outcome. High unemployment did have an effect but it was small and does … not explain the election loss. In fact, many in the population, including the unemployed, believed that high unemployment …

, we show that a lack of financial institutions can lead to more corruption as more voters are part of the corrupt system … on political outcomes. Well-functioning financial institutions, in turn, increase the political support for anti …