The coronavirus epidemic has severely affected the small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which are more financially constrained compared with large companies. Waking up to this challenge, various countries employed short-run and long-run policies to support SMEs. Using rich firm-level data from...

The regulation of industrial pollution is clearly difficult in a rapidly industrializing, low-income setting. In addition to the general lack of resources for monitoring and enforcement, authorities must deal with the asymmetric nature of the information and multiple nonpoint sources of...

This paper examines the role of the external institutional environment captured by effective state-business relations on firm performance. By effective state-business relations, we mean a set of highly institutionalized, responsive and public interactions between the state and the business...