The paper implements the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing, supplemented by the Johansen-Juselius (JJ) approaches to cointegration to explore a long run relation among energy use, economic growth, financial development, capital, and trade openness in Australia. We also apply...

The paper elaborates on managerial perception of regional business environment of small and medium-sized enterprises in southern Poland (i.e. two voivodeships: Małopolska and Śląsk). The paper is based on own empirical research, which was conducted in late-2004 year. The research was...

Regional environment creates a set of factors that can be called either stimulants or barriers to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Local governments should remove barriers, transforming them into promoters. An important feature that has to meet both the national...

The paper puts conclusions on structuralization of company environment regarding its dimensions or features in order. The paper focuses on presentation and analysis of synthetic dimensions of company external environment applied not only in theoretical formulations, but mainly in empirical...

The aim of paper is to investigate the affect of financial development on rural-urban income inequality in India over the period of 1960-2008. In doing so, ARDL bounds testing approach was applied to examine cointegration and Ng-Perron unit root test to check the order of integration of the...

The objective of this article is to investigate the relationship between development of the financial sector and economic growth for South Africa. For this purpose, we data for 1965-2007 and set the estimation strategy under the ARDL framework. Importantly, four indicators for the financial...

This paper implements Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) to cointegration to explore long-run relation; and Granger procedure within Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to test direction of causality between imports and economic growth for a sample of forty–ten each from high;...

Despite a bourgeoning literature on the existence of a long-run relationship between energy consumption and economic growth, the findings have failed to establish clearly the direction of causation. A growing economy needs more energy, which is exacerbated by growing population. Evidence...

This study explores the affect of India's exchange rate with US on Indian trade balance over the period of 1965-2008. We use ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration and for dynamic analysis IRFs and VDs. For dynamic analysis impulse response functions and variance decompositions are used....