supply in the 1990s. The estimating subsample is children aged 7-18 in households in which both parents usually coreside and … affects children left behind in terms of their school attendance, household expenditures on education, and nonhousework labor … is not affected. We find no evidence that paternal temporary absence influences his children in terms of school …

number of arguments also suggest that siblings are unlikely to receive equal shares of the resources devoted by parents to … their children's education. We construct a composite birth order index that effectively purges family size from birth order … not, and that the shares are decreasing with birth order. Controlling for parental family income, parental age at birth …

number of arguments also suggest that siblings are unlikely to receive equal shares of the resources devoted by parents to … their children's education. We construct a composite birth order index that effectively purges family size from birth order … not, and that the shares are decreasing with birth order. Controlling for parental family income, parental age at birth …