Regional inequality may hinder national development, which is disconcerting for Brazil as one of the world's most unequal countries. This chapter compiles new and existing state-level estimates of per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Brazil and examines their dispersion over the time...

This chapter studies regional economic inequalities in Colombia between 1926 and 2018. We use regional economic data from several academic and official sources to study the patterns of economic growth through most of the century. We conclude that Colombian regions did not converge during this...

The economic development of Argentina since the end of the nineteenth century is a story of growth, splendour and then stagnation and relative decline. In this chapter we present the first consistent formal quantitative analysis of the regional dimension of that story. By putting together...

This chapter offers a general assessment of the economic activity in Bolivian regions thanks to an estimation, for the first time, of regional GDPs in Bolivia from 1950 onwards. The new quantitative evidence shows the economic upsurge and consolidation of new regions beyond the traditional...

This chapter describes the evolution of regional inequality in Peru between the years 1847 and 2017 using the latest available statistics on the spatial distribution of population and economic activity. The main results observed were the transformation of the economic space of this country....