The exposure to violence in utero and early in life has adverse impacts on children's age-adjusted height (z …-scores). Using the experience of the Kashmir insurgency, I find that children more affected by the insurgency are 0.9 to 1.4 standard … deviations smaller compared with children less affected by the insurgency. The effect is stronger for children who were born …

-experiment, we find that on average German children who were of school age during the persecutions have fewer years of schooling in … unemployment and income, wartime destruction, Nazi and Communist Party support, the compulsory schooling reform, migration …

-scale physical destruction on the educational attainment, health status and labor market outcomes of German children. I combine a …-by-cohort variation in the intensity of WWII destruction as a unique quasi-experiment. My findings are as follows: First, these children … years. Second, these children were about one centimeter shorter and had lower self-reported health satisfaction in adulthood …

cohorts, I analyze a possible causal effect of the war on nutritional outcomes of children. I use two empirical strategies …, leading to very similar results. Estimates indicate that children born in areas affected by high levels of violence are 0.8 cm … shorter than children born in low violence provinces. These results are robust to several specifications. Furthermore, the …