. The results show that substituting lacking family support by other adults can help disadvantaged children at adolescent …

lower track secondary school is not a disadvantage conditional on a successful transition into vocational training. Students …

internal rate of return (IRR) of 14.2% for gross earnings, 7.4% for disposable income, and 6.6% for the net fiscal contribution … found to have negative IRRs: -0.5% for gross earnings and -5.9% for both disposable income and the net fiscal contribution … per student, and the level of income tax payments. …