positive effects of central exams on achievement tests, previous research on university-bound students shows no effects on … subsequent earnings. We suggest that labor-market effects may be more imminent for students leaving school directly for the labor … that central exams are indeed associated with higher earnings for students from school types directly bound for the labor …

for nearly 70,000 students. Because average age at school entry is 30 years of age, and because we have earnings data for …

. The results show that substituting lacking family support by other adults can help disadvantaged children at adolescent …

's degrees. We use individual fixed effects models on the matched sample of students and non-students from Finland to capture any …

This paper estimates labor-market returns for students pursuing certificates or associate's degrees in eight broad … fields of study at community colleges and for-profit institutions. The data contain 400,000 students beginning their studies …