We quantify the impacts on consumption expenditure and the patterns following India's initial sudden lockdown in response to the coronavirus disease pandemic and the gradual relaxation that followed. We use household survey data from a representative Indian state, Punjab. We separate the effects...

Purpose - Due to country-wise lockdown and state-wise curfews in COVID-19, people were not able to make offline payments (i.e. cash payments) during purchases in India. So, people are switching their payment behavior from offline to online mode. But, as per the central bank report, the rate of...