Do Some Forms of Financial Flows Help Protect Against "Sudden Stops"? Using a large panel data set that includes advanced, emerging, and developing economies during 1970 2003, this article analyzes the behavior of several types of flows: foreign direct investment (FDI), portfolio equity...

While a number of crises in emerging markets generated widespread contagion in financial markets during the 1990s, more recent crises (notably, in Argentina) have been mostly contained within national borders. This has led some observers to wonder whether contagion might have become a feature of...

Due to high congestion in cities and growing demand for last-mile delivery services, several companies have been implementing two-echelon distribution strategies over the past few years. Notably, the installation of urban transshipment points has gained increasing attention, used by logistics...

We evaluate German purchase subsidies for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) using data on new vehicle registrations in Germany during 2015-2022. We account for confounding time trends and interacting EU-level CO2 standards using neighboring countries...

This International Finance Corporation (IFC) Research Note analyzes the cost of borrowing for firms in emerging and developing economies, changes in their debt structure, and indicators of indebtedness and profitability. It finds reasons for optimism on their resilience, while noting that...

Do Some Forms of Financial Flows Help Protect Against "Sudden Stops"? Using a large panel data set that includes advanced, emerging, and developing economies during 1970 2003, this article analyzes the behavior of several types of flows: foreign direct investment (FDI), portfolio equity...