Fraud problems in loan application assessment cause significant losses for finance companies worldwide, and much research has focused on machine learning methods to improve the efficacy of fraud detection in some financial domains. However, diverse information falsification in individual fraud...

Donation-based crowdfunding, as part of impact investment, plays a vital role in promoting economic development and alleviating poverty. In order to enhance the lender's enthusiasm for lending behavior, some platforms, for example Kiva, have introduced groups to facilitate lending. This study...